POVERTY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION
PROBLEMS ON BACKGROUND OF EXISTENTIAL VALUABLES CRISIS
by
Gulnar Annakulieva
Chief Researcher
Kazakhstan Institute for Strategic Studies
Former Government system destroy and
new sovereign Kazakhstan appearance were accompany with poverty
appearance. Poverty of Kazakhstan peoples is define by the working
place absence and condition for self-employment absence. Social
insurance system were destroy. It means that there is an anomation -
it is a violation in value-normative system of society (by E.Durkheim).
In moral-emotional sphere vacuum elements was manifest (drug
expansion, young people's criminal, mass-culture expansion, appearance
of difference religious groups). A lot of test measures in civilian
self-identification has not any effective influence on social
behavior. The most of the norms are nor so clear and contradiction. As
a result there is a weak regulation human wishes in society, in
connection with this corruption and greedy are growing for cover of
unlimited needs at one side and suicide number are growing at the
other side as a result of deviant behavior.
All of this leads for peoples exclusion
from profit and service sources and resource using. Poverty is not
appearance only because of economical reasons. It is a result of
complex processes from depth structure of society. During USSR time in
Kazakhstan were profit vertical pyramid: military workers were at the
top of this, after - the industry worker and the most low profitable
were agriculture workers. "Monopoly" paradigm action were
appearance that the Soviet structures using their monopoly rights make
an exclusion for Aral region peoples from the water resources using
strong exploitation and creating here test biological-military
objects; from land resources in Semipalatinsk region shooting-range,
testing atom bombs and making duty an ecological nature.
"Solidarity" paradigm action were appearance in one time was
disappearance of collective using the well-being system.
All of that crisis of existential
values were on passive destructive changes of the reality. Food and
living costs were the same with the World costs, free medicine and
education was disappointment. Privilege for transport, rest services
and rent was disappearance. Even the unemployment payment (which was
too low for covering the living minimum) Government intent to stop.
That self-destroy of the society growing until the last top when there
is a need "just to survive". There was a "throw
down" of none-adaptive altruism social values (declared in
Communist system time). Nowadays the human has only one problem of
satisfaction for physiological needs. The way of the feature events
must to came to the creature of new and more adaptive value systems.
For understanding the value adaptive processes in Kazakhstan we are
intend to maker two aspects: 1) mental operation with the values; 2)
the values. Kazakh peoples and ethnic diaspora of the country
mentality based on the public (nomad) values. Kazakh peoples culture
were developed in connection with the nature, that's why they are
against the land privatization.
So, the Project of the Land Law, initiated
by Government were call came back from the Parliament by Government
under the public pressing. Just a culture can to solve the
contradictions between the contemporary and the Space time as between
the innovations and traditions. During the market transformation in
Kazakhstan the person priority is more dominate under the collective.
Government solidarity pension system are transform in the private
pension founds. There is a Project stimulated of individual saving
system. The consensus search grow until the whole national level as a
between ethnic cultural values. "Brazilian Carnival..."
Ancient South America culture (culture Mayya, Atztek) connect with the
European civilization is a Latin America culture, one of the great
example of that is "Brazil Carnival". But there is no any
"Soviet culture".
Today the sovereign Kazakhstan has a
chance to create the own culture. What it will be? Mixture of the
cultures - when every of participating sides (Kazakh culture, culture
of other ethnic's) wouldn't be change, but the new capacity will
absent? Or the cultural syntheses - when in the Kazakh culture zones
together with other cultures will come with new, difference from the
contact with each other human worlds? How can to compare with the
national and whole national ideas?
So, in relation to the Kazakhstan
society values there is a need in multi-aspect view at the adapt
problems. As Friedrich Nietzsche says - the value marks are "
physiological needs of some living ways conservation..." As for
2) the values we are follow to the Ch. Morris who are making the value
scale depending on taking or reject. In connection this, a lot of fact
materials we can find at the different questioning of public opinion
which are rather important in Kazakhstan.
Finally, making an analysis of human
society at the adapt processes to the complex live problems we can to
suppose striving of people's intellectual potential to change the
external condition's. There are a lot of None Government Organization
creating by the high educated leaders, political parties activity. In
due time there is a passive adjust to the environment: resale the
goods by unemployment and small trade using or when they finding job
at the informal labor markets. People's Value adjust Conception
metamorphosis based on the positive because of the destroy in one side
(through it sounds paradox) and the negative because of constructive.
Existential value crisis analysis permit us to control crisis in order
to avoid the social burst only.
POVERTY PROBLEMS AND SOCIAL INTEGRATION
Many analyses of poverty explains
that definition on economic viability of such phenomena's as an access
to the goods, services and funds (particularly on the net income). In
fact, exclusion definition from the optimal consumption is rather
closed to generally accepted understanding of poverty as the
definition which is provide for the accessibility to the satisfaction
of the main human needs. But when the different sides of poverty are analyzed
through the social exclusion prism we can see more widely political
and economic and moral parameters of poverty. Thereby decision of
poverty problems is a national security of the Republic of Kazakhstan
and sustainable development. Poverty and the living level are
determined not only by the absence of the profit growing, worker
places or high specific weight of the wages on the nursing but also it
is a so called deprivation into the labour field. If the key of the
problem is a deficit of existence, between this key and the other
poverty conceptions - deprivation, disqualification, marginalisation
etc. there is a close correlation.
The barriers to the labor (unemployees)
and industry funds and high wages -- it is the main keys which are
formed the poverty structure. Why some persons or group of people can
not get the Government supports and economic potential. Nowadays we
use the social exclusion category as a analytical method to define the
poverty appearance reasons. Public structure forms around the such
keys as a general values and moral etc. then around that keys formed
social order. Soviet social system structure which a lot of people has
a social services crushed. Absence of all these social services
constantly makes them to try to get back this old system. That is why
the private economy against the followers of Government property.
Exclusion from the land for farmers is a reason of their low profits.
In the labor market there is a following
tendency: we can get a job but it is impossible to get a high salary
job. There is some sectors at the labor market with a low salary and
they are very dangerous. There are ecological duty regions
characterized with labor segregation. Only in force of
"systematical attacks" on social exclusion we can struggle
with poverty effectively. Differently sides of social exclusion made
grow it's negative result. Also the political decision directed
against any kind of social exclusion permit to grow the positive
result. Whole of these allow to get a political stability. In the
struggle against exclusion used the compete interests for the less
saving peoples the equality behind the Law began more effectively for
them. Unfortunately there is no any organizations which can take a
dialogue between different Government managers, that is why there is a
need for creation "Commission on unemployment and social
integration". It will permit us to get a coalition between the
groups with the crossing interests, it means to modernization of
traditional sectors which are provide social rally and access of
exclusion groups for the sources. Former social systems crush is the
social and symbolical keys destroy which connected person with the
public. Exclusion it is a way or method of key's restoration
difficulties analyses and also incorporate actions between the
personalities and groups of peoples and public. In these relations the
main executor is a Government, creating the compromise on the poverty
struggle Government establish peoples unity.
Until Government does not regulate the
public as a whole it regulate only one part of the public guarantee
theirs interests. Government must been actively not only in social
economic policy but also to be actively in provide for social rally,
it means to be Judge at the all actors plays. None Government sector
must not to get at job because of it makes labor market criminalized.
When none government (free labor market) is grow it looks as a public
defeat on saving the social rally. If personality belong to none
government labor sector he left the Kazakhstan citizens rights and
duties. That is why if it is too difficult to propose a long term job
the purpose a short time work place for poor peoples together with
payments it helps them to incorporate in labor market because of real
social policy must departure from the understanding the mechanisms of
poverty appearance, in the struggle with poverty must been used
preventive measures directed for decreasing theirs vulnerable. It is a
so named "compromising economy", with the creation the
organization for the negotiations. One of the aims of such
organization would be the compromise on "Social Project".
New social policy far from administrative mentality would be based on
rights division and would be use for the key aims in civilian society.
Poor peoples can effectively integrate not only as a policy object but
also an active persons who can protect own integration.
Participants in the November conference are asked to send their
papers to Prof. Tom Bridges
(bridges@civsoc.com) for posting on these pages.
